TypeScript 枚举的替代方案：常量断言 vs. 联合类型

            
enum Status {
  Pending,
  InProgress,
  Completed,
  Rejected,
}

const currentStatus: Status = Status.InProgress; // currentStatus will be 1

            

              
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enum HTTPStatus {
  OK = 200,
  BadRequest = 400,
  Unauthorized = 401,
  Forbidden = 403,
  NotFound = 404,
}

const serverResponse: HTTPStatus = HTTPStatus.OK; // serverResponse will be 200

            

              
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const Status = {
  Pending: 'pending',
  InProgress: 'in_progress',
  Completed: 'completed',
  Rejected: 'rejected',
} as const;

// Typescript infers the following type:
// {
//    readonly Pending: "pending";
//    readonly InProgress: "in_progress";
//    readonly Completed: "completed";
//    readonly Rejected: "rejected";
// }

type StatusType = typeof Status[keyof typeof Status]; // 'pending' | 'in_progress' | 'completed' | 'rejected'

function processStatus(status: StatusType) {
  console.log(`Processing status: ${status}`);
}

processStatus(Status.InProgress); // Valid
// processStatus('invalid'); // Error: Argument of type '"invalid"' is not assignable to parameter of type 'StatusType'.

            

              
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type Status = 'pending' | 'in_progress' | 'completed' | 'rejected';

function processStatus(status: Status) {
  console.log(`Processing status: ${status}`);
}

processStatus('in_progress'); // Valid
// processStatus('invalid'); // Error: Argument of type '"invalid"' is not assignable to parameter of type 'Status'.

            

              
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enum UserRole {
  Admin,
  Editor,
  Viewer,
}

function authorize(role: UserRole) {
  // ...
}

            

              
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const UserRole = {
  Admin: 'admin',
  Editor: 'editor',
  Viewer: 'viewer',
} as const;

type UserRoleType = typeof UserRole[keyof typeof UserRole];

function authorize(role: UserRoleType) {
  // ...
}

            

              
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type UserRole = 'admin' | 'editor' | 'viewer';

function authorize(role: UserRole) {
  // ...
}

            

              
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enum StatusCode {
  OK = 200,
  BadRequest = 400,
  Unauthorized = 401,
  InternalServerError = 500
}

function processStatus(code: StatusCode) {
  // ...
}

            

              
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const StatusCode = {
  OK: 200,
  BadRequest: 400,
  Unauthorized: 401,
  InternalServerError: 500
} as const;

type StatusCodeType = typeof StatusCode[keyof typeof StatusCode];

function processStatus(code: StatusCodeType) {
  // ...
}

            

              
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type StatusCode = 200 | 400 | 401 | 500;

function processStatus(code: StatusCode) {
  // ...
}

            

              
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// Using Const Assertions with Localization
const UserRole = {
  Admin: 'admin',
  Editor: 'editor',
  Viewer: 'viewer',
} as const;

type UserRoleType = typeof UserRole[keyof typeof UserRole];

// Localization function (using a hypothetical i18n library)
function getLocalizedRoleName(role: UserRoleType, locale: string): string {
  switch (role) {
    case UserRole.Admin:
      return i18n.t('user_role.admin', { locale });
    case UserRole.Editor:
      return i18n.t('user_role.editor', { locale });
    case UserRole.Viewer:
      return i18n.t('user_role.viewer', { locale });
    default:
      return 'Unknown Role';
  }
}

// Example usage
const currentRole: UserRoleType = UserRole.Editor;
const localizedRoleName = getLocalizedRoleName(currentRole, 'fr-CA'); // Returns localized "Éditeur" for French Canadian.
console.log(`Current role: ${localizedRoleName}`);

            

              
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